Which condition is characterized by increased intraocular pressure leading to optic nerve damage?

Increased intraocular pressure leading to optic nerve damage is a hallmark of glaucoma. This condition arises when the drainage system of the eye becomes obstructed, causing a buildup of fluid and resulting in higher pressure within the eye. Over time, this elevated pressure can damage the optic nerve fibers, which are crucial for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain.

Glaucoma can progress silently, often showing minimal early symptoms, but it can lead to significant vision loss if not detected and treated early. The effects of optic nerve damage can manifest as peripheral vision loss and, in advanced stages, can result in total blindness. Timely management of intraocular pressure through medications, laser treatment, or surgical options is essential to preserve vision and prevent further damage.

In contrast, other conditions listed, such as retinitis pigmentosa, cataracts, and macular degeneration, affect vision through different mechanisms and do not specifically involve direct damage to the optic nerve due to increased intraocular pressure.